The cookie or token is associated with the assigned permissions, privileges and other authorization attributes such as group membership. The operating system often has no way of knowing whether the subject presenting the access control cookie or token really is the legitimate user. It takes any submitted access control cookie or token as valid and being used correctly by the previously validated user.
The overall hack can be summarized like this: If I can steal the subject label attached to your authentication method, I might be able to steal your identity even if you use otherwise very secure and trusted MFA. As a demonstration, let me show you an example involving Active Directory and AD-integrated smartcards.
Tens of millions of Active Directory users and admins secure their logons using this configuration. In this particular hack demo, the attacker is a low-privileged valid user named HelpDesk. The target of the identity theft attack is a highly privileged user named SuperAdmin who belongs to every elevated group in Active Directory schema admins, enterprise admins and domain admins. This sort of permission is often granted to low-level admins.
Would your event logging system detect and alert on a UPN change? My guess is no for most environments. The less privileged HelpDesk user logs on using their own smartcard and PIN before the hack is accomplished to show current state. The HelpDesk User logs out, waits a few minutes for Active Directory replication to occur, and then logs backs in.
After committing other unauthorized actions, such as confirming they can always elevate their security credentials, the HelpDesk user could swap back the UPNs, and unless UPN updates are being logged and the importance of those particular actions were noticed, it would be difficult to see what actually happened.
It would not be easy to discover when trying to discuss what really happened. This is just a representative example of the possible outcome of a subject hijack attack. Other similar attacks using other solutions might not have as high prerequisites.
I can make up a new smartcard with the subject of frog victim. Let me be clear. No fix is coming. If you allow the subject of a smartcard to be hijacked, you can expect this sort of mischievousness to occur.
Similar attacks are likely to be executed against other MFA solutions if the subject can be hijacked. The lesson is that any attribute that is used in an authentication consideration should be treated like a password.
We obviously have all sorts of logging and protection surrounding preventing passwords from being viewed or stolen, but not around all the other authentication attributes, and there should be. Here's the easiest way to copy NFC cards to phone :. Although the BlackHat guide works well it can be a bit frustrating to use, since you have to get some components together and hack away at a guide for an hour or two to see some results.
Go to your settings and search for NFC, make sure to enable it. Now we can start cloning cards that have never changed their default sector password. The app comes with the default keys set by the manufacturer of NFC cards, you would not believe how many people never bother to change this.
The following images are from his guide, which can be found here. Once we have read the key or fob we want, we can store all of the information onto a file. We can then use this information and write it back onto an empty card, essentially cloning the original or fob.
They provide an added level of security to the already existing Mifare Desfire NFC cards, making them incredibly secure. If you want to know how we at Kisi use mobile credential and bit AES-encrypted NFC cards, check this overview of our mobile access control system or get in touch with us. If you are more interested in how access systems work then download our free PDF guide.
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